Hair waving or curling device



Aug. 21, 192s. V1,631,511 S. B. BATTEY HAIR'WAVING 0R CURLING DEVICE Fiied Nov. 4, 1926 2 sheets-sheet `1 INVENTOR y 3 f 67 g y B Attorney wm@ PM Aug. 21, 192s. Y 1,681,511

S. B. BATTEY HAIR WAVING 0R CURLING DEVICE Filed Nov. 4, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR @mr By Attorneys,

Patented. Aug.' 4

SUMTER B. BATTEY, NEW YORK', N. Y.

HAIR wAvING on comme nav-ica.

Application filed November '4, 1-9'6fi Serial No. 146,201.

This invention relates to improvements .in marcelling or hair curling and\ha1rvwaving4 devices which effect the results desired either with of; without the use of heat.

One ob]ect ofl thisjnvention is to provide an improved device whereby the hair may -be v more quickly and easily disposed upon suitnumber of waves or other desiredconfigurw" able forms for imparting. desired confirmations thereto, such as waves or curls.

Al further object is to provide improved means for applying tension to the hair whereby it may be more effectively acted upon by the forms upon which itis wound or otherwise disposed and without likelihood of transmitting any of such tension to the scalp. The invention further contemplates novel means for simultaneously operating a plurality of forming instruments whereby a tion of the hair maybe simultaneously produced by the-manipulation of a single actu'- ating element.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for locking the forming instru ments in adjusted position whereby the hair may be continuously subjected to treatment for any desired period. The invention also provides improved means for fastening the hair to the forming instruments.4

The invention also aims to provide forminginstruments of improved design whereby waves of more beautiulxform may be imparted to the hair. y

Further objects of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed descriptipn, throughout which reference is had tothe accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a perspective view of one einbodiment ofthe invention which carries a plurality of wave org/,curl forming instruments.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary front elevation of the'frame of the device shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the device shown .in Fig. 1 taken along the lines III-IIL Figs. 4 and 51 show -diagrammatically -the disposition of the hair on the device before and after tightening it around Ythe forms.

Figs. 6 and 7 show diagrammatically a`nother and slightly modified arrangement wherebythe device of Fig. 1 can be made to produce waves which are not parallel to each other. ,t

Figs. 8 and 9 are front and side views of the device shown in Figure 1 indicating two possible methodso'f applying the device to the head whereb waves -maybe produced at the side or bac In Fig. 8 the frame is .placed across the head, and 'in Fig.

9, the frame of the device extends from ont-to rear.`

Figs. 10 andv 10xi are respectively a frag- -mentary front elevation and longitudinal 'justed along the frame to produce waves in the hair at any desired interval.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a modified form of the invention having only a single rotatable form.

Fig. 1l". is a modified form corresponding to the device shown in Fig. 11 but having two rotatable elements instead of one.

Fig. 12 is a cross-section taken along the lines XII-XII of Fig. 11.

Fig. l?) is a fragmentary elevation showing the details of the secondary form locking device employed in the construction shown in Fig. 11.

'.Fig. 14 is an elevation of a further modi- `fication of the invention having only a single 'i utilized in the larger device shown in Fig. 1

whereby a serpentine curve may be imparted' to the hair.

-Fig. 15 is a plan view of the device shown in Fig. 14. alongsection line XV-XV.

Fig. 16 is a perspective view'of one type of han.` waving form which may be used in the 'device s hown in Fig. 1, for example, this form being heated by the circulation of hot fluid therethrough.

Fig. 17 is a modifiedv hair waving form in 4v.which heat is developed electrically.

The device in its preferred embodiment, as shown in;Fig. 1,-comprises an arcuate frame having front and rear platelike members 2 which are connected at their ends by suitable cross-pieces 3 and at pointsintermediate their ends, if desired. As this frame preferably rests directly upon the head of the person whose hair is being waved, the inner surfaces thereof are preferably provided with cushioningmaterial, such as soft rubber, leather orthe like in the form of bands or ribbons 4. At intervals between the front and rear members of the frame are disposed rotatable forms A, A', A", etc., the number of such forms dethat are to be made in a given length of hair.

At either end of the frame an independently lrotatable form B is preferably employed.

This end form may be either of the type shown in Fig. 11 or Fig. 14, the latter being employed for the purpose of imparting a wave of special shape at or near the ends of the strand of hair being treated. ,This latter form is provided with comb-like teeth of novel design and will hereinafter be particularly described. Y

Preferably between each 'pair` of forms B--A, AA, Ai-A, etc., wave-measuring elements C, C', etc. are employed for the purpose of insuring the presence of the right amount of loose or slack hair between the adjacent rotatable forms to permit of the desired length of hairto be wrapped around each form during the actual curling or waving operation. During such operation the aforesaid wave-measuring elements C, C', etc, are either removed entirely from -the frame or moved into a position in which the slack which they originally measured is left free to be wrapped about therotatable forms. The function of the said measuring elements will be readily understood from a consideration of the diagrams in Figs.' 4 and 5.

The hair is first combed out into straight strands and laid on top of the measuring elements C', C, etc. and is gripped between the upper and lower halves of the rotatable forms A, A, A", etc. The measuring elements shown in cross-section in Fig. 4 comprise simple straight pins extending between the front and rear frameA members. After the hair is set up in the'ldevice as shown in Fig. 4, the measuring pins are removed by simply drawing them endwise out of the frame. Thus, between each ofthe rotatable forms A, A', etc. there is left a measured length of hair suliicient when wound u on the forms to produce a wave of the desired shape and dimensions. As shown in Fig. 5,l

when the forms are rotated the slack hair which remained between them after the measuring pins have been removed, entirely disappears, being now takenup on the forms themselves. If the forms are rotated through only a half turn the hair is disposed, as

` shown, in a series ofSturns.

It will be readily understood that after rotating the forms as shown in Fig. 5. to a .position in which the loose hair between them has disappeared, any further rotation will set up a stress in the hair which tends toJcause it to quickly assume the curvature determined by the shape of said forms, and I4 have found that this stress, while not in` any way injurious to the hair, aids very materially in rendering the wave imparted thereto more lasting and permanent. The set of the hair i in the desired wave may obviously `be aided by any of the methods known in the hair lwaving art', such as by the application of heat after moistening the hair or by drying out volatile substances with which the hair is previously impregnated. It will be understood, of course, that"the forms A, A', etc. may be ofi any desired shape and may be rotated to any desired extent, it being possible to .wind the hair about such forms one or more times by simply rgtating them beyond the position shown in Fig. 5.

In Figs. 6 and 7 there is diagrammatically illustrated the use of a wave-measuring element which is adapted to produce a Wave which is longer toward the front of the head than at the rear. This is frequently desirable as such waves are usually considered more beautiful than those which have preciselyparallel crests. One type of measuring element suitable foi this purpose is shown in perspective in Fig. 1 and designated by the numeral 5. The said element comprises preferably a sheet metal member bent around a measuring pin C so that it fri/ctionally grips said pin. Thus disposed, the element .ias two triangular org tapered surfaces 6 and 7 substantially at right angles to each other, the edges of which are curled over to provide a smooth and rounding surface for the hair to rest upon. The two triangular extensions of the special measuring element 5 will hereinafter be referred to as wings, the larger wing 6 being ucalled themeasuring wing and the smaller wing 7 the forming wing. It will be furthermore noted that when a measuring device employing tapered wings is used, the rotatable forms A, A', etc. are also preferably tapered, as shown in Fig. 1.

The operation of the special measuring element 5 will now be explained with reference to the diagrams in Figs. 6 and 7. In Fig. 6 the element 5 is shown in the measuring position, the tapered measuring wing 6 being operative to hold up and measure a wave of slack hair, which, because of the shape and vdispositionof the wing, will be a considerably longer wave at the front than at the rear end. The shape of the wave at the front end of the wing is indicated in full lines while the shape of the wavenat the rear end of the measuring wing ,is indicated in dotted lines.

After the slack hair'ne'cessary to form the desired wave has been-measured out, the wing 6 ofthe element 5 isswung intov the horizontal position, a s shown in Fig. 7. thus moving the formingrwing 7 into the active vertical position. 'iff-the. forms A, A be now rotated, the hair clamped between them will be wound up and drawn against the upper surface of the tapered fdrming wing 7. This forming wing then imparts an additional curvature to the hair in the part of the wave between the yrotatable forms A, A which is not present in the wave produced as indicatedin Fig. 5. At the same tim'ef'the slope of the forming wing from front to rear results in a wave ,55 n clockwise. This is readily accompli-shed by which is longerbetween crests at one end than.

l, it is at the' other, and permits ofthe equal stressing of the hair'over the entire length of 'theforms a 1 may be operated the tapered 'wavemeasuring elements described, lthese elements `being readily in` upper Ahalt 11 It is obvious that tliejdevice shown in Fig.' with either the straight'or above *terchan'geable.A

The rotatable forms A, A', A, etc., are preferably made in vtwo parts as indicated inI enlargedcross-section in Fig. 4.' `'The upper half of'eacli',form may be hingedto the lower v` half, as Ashown lin Fig. 3. After `the hair isv laid over the lower half 10 odf each form, the is swung downfand locked tightly against the hairY by 'any suitable i meansl A catch comprising a split or to'bring its opening 15 into alignment with the opening 16 of collar 12, the hinged half 11 of form A will be released by turning 4the form until the movable hal'the'reof registers with the aforesaid notches 12, 14. The

two' halves of the form are locked together by swinging partI 11 into thecentral openingof the collar and turning the locking sleeve 14- j so as t-throw the notches outofregistration lowing manner.

Fig. 1, that at .the end of the forms A, A',

driving gears being -gears mesh directl o erably 4connected mpd'rtant feature-of the present inven. tion 1s the means for simultaneously'imparting rotation 'to `a pluralityof forms bytheactuation ofa single key or other manually rotatable element, The simultaneous rotation of the forms isfaccomplished in the lfol- It willv be seen, referring to etc., driving gears V20 are provided, the said mediate pinions 21. any rotation imparted to the form A, for example, lwill produce a like rotation in the forms A andA. .The forms` on the right hand side of the'd'evice may be geared to the forms on the left,.as above described, or they may be separately controlled, as desired.v AIt is generally' desired wheny the device is utilizedkto ywave botlrsides lof the head to have the forms on ov posite sides of theframe, oppositely rotate Forcetain-types of wav-` ing it may be desired to lhave all the forms al ternately rotated clockwise and countersubstituting driving g 'Ars of largeiifriiameter than' those illustratej` thatl the `driving with another. riving gears 2() are pref- .to their respective forms through ratchetl means so that such forms are susceptible oi independent adjustment in Certain of the a addition to the rotation commonly imparted bythe action offthe gear train.` It will be interconnected by inter- Through this gear train slightly taperedor conical evident that if threel forms are connectedr V.together for 'common rotation, the tightening of the hair between any two of the forms will which may not have taken upv all the slack take' upsueh slack and properlystress the prevent further rotation' of thethird form,

hair between itv and the second form. To l hairover 'the third o'rm, such form must be furtherrotated and this is accomplished by turning the squared end 22 of the form A, for example, by means of a key. 'The 'itsv springfpressed pawl 23 carried b driving v gear 20 permits free rotation of t e ratchet wheel 24 in a counter-clockwise, i. e. the-direction in which' the left hand forms lare preferably'rotated to-tighten the hair.- The said ratchet wheel is fixedly mounted on the rotatable form, .while the driving G'gear 2O is onlygrota-tively connected to the form through the ratchet device:

lawl 23 is normally maintained in engage- -ment` withthe ratchet wheel' bymeans of a 25 but may` be' manually released by sprin the finger piece 26 formed on 'the pressing Iend remote from the ratchet and on the opthe pawl pivot 27. This may..

posite side of be necessary where it is desired to'relieve the tension on the' hair between adjacent formsl without releasing all of the forms.

Tomaintain the several forms in any desired adjustment, locking means are provided. device, whereby the forms A, Af, effectively prevent the rotation of all4 the forms 'connected by the aforesaid gear train. However, in the preferred embodiment of the i invention, independent locking means" are provided to prevent the -rotation of each form individually. This permits of releasing any of the forms without releasing the others. Such locking means may comprise a pawl and ratchetdevice interposed between a form and the frame,'or it may be constructed as a tapered pin lock 19 .similar tothe tapered peg strings.

Jframe 'adj acent each of the ratchet wheels24,

which, ashereinbefore described, vare in turn*- 4fxedly mounted on the rotatable `forms. These pawls may be engaged and disengaged by manipulating pawl-,actuating linger pieces 29 which are preferably formed integrally with the pawl arms.

Obviously the forms may all be provided with taper locks similar to the lock l19 shown for the special form B at the end of the frame instead of the ratclkietlock above dcscribed. lSuch, a lock com rises simply a 4orm end`30, fitting into a conical recess 31 in arearvadjustable slide 59 carried by the frame. This slide will hereinafter be described in detail. The rotatable form has just suicient axial It is obvious'that a `single locking l the rotation of any one of etc. may be prevented, will.

vused in violins to adjust the tension of the I play to permit of engaging and disengagi'ng the taper lock, the operator having only to apply a sli ht rearward thrust to securely fasten the orm against rotation. A slight forward movement of the form releases it for free rotation. The details of such a conical lock are shown in Fig. 3.

For the purpose of producing waves of a more permanent nature the application of heat to the hair after `it has been properly disposed on the forms is desirable. This mayl be accomplished in a variety of ways, as by the use of hot ain-steam, hot water or electric heating elements. 'InFig 16 there is shown means whereby steam or hot water or other heated fluid maybe circulated through the forms. In this case the forms maybe made hollow and provided with suitable connections whereby fluid may be introduced and drawn ofi'. Heated fluid ma be circulated through the forms by any such as by pumping, gravity or by a thermosiphon system. The hollow forms A may be provided with nipples `33, 34, over which flexible tubing 35, 36 maybe slipped, the tubing being connected respectively to the source of heated fluid and to any suitable exhaust.

Valves 37, 38 are preferably included in the intake and exhaust lines to regulate the flow of fluid for controlling the temperature of the forms and also to permit of disconnecting the tubing therefrom without spilling or wasting the fluid medium. It is apparent that two or more forms may be connected together in series or each form may be independently suppliedy from the common source. l

In Fig. 17 there is shown an electrically heatedform A2 which may be used instead of the form above described. This modifica.- tion comprises a two-part tubular form similar in outward appearance to the forms A, A', etc. in Fig. 1. The two parts 40, 41 are preferably heated by two resistance wir'e heating. elements 42,43 confined within the hollow in terior of the form parts. The heating wires must be electrically insulated from the form, and this may be accomplished -by surrounding'the wires with mica or other suitable electrical non-conducting material. I hinged end of the form a rotary contact l "switch 45 may electricallyconnect the heating elements 43, 43, when the divided form is closed, while, at the opposite end, feed -wires 44; 45 are ,connected by a double pronged plug 46. By such arrangement the heater elements in any given form are connected in series. When a'plurality of forms are u'sed, as shown in Fig. 1, they are pref- .erably connected in parallel to the current.

supply. p

It will"be clear that external heat may be applied to the hair after it has been disposed 011` the' forms independently of any formheating means. A convenient means for dryesired method,

l At the" ing out moisture with which the hair on the forms has been dampened, is the usual electric hot air blower.

A feature of adjustability whereby the forms A, A', A, etc., may be variably positioned in the frame 2 is afforded by the provision of a plurality of bearing holes closely spaced alongV the forward and rear frame members. The bearing holes are all like those in which the forms are shown resting in Fig. 1. To permit of the ready transfer of forms from one bearing to another the front and rear framev members lare preferably split along the line of centers of the said bearing holes 50 into upper and lower frame segments 51 and 52. The upper segment 51 is centrally divided into independent frame elements whichat their remote ends are hinged by hinges 51 to the lower continuous frame segment 52. The adjacent ends of these upper frame elements 51 are provided with snap latches 53 which automatically lock the said elements to the lower frame segment 52. As the latches are alik,.only one will be described. The latch arm 54 is pivoted to the uppcrframe element, and under the action of a sprmg 55 engages -a pin 56 fixed in the lower frame segment 52. A detent 57'engages latch arm 54 to hold it in proper position against'the action ofthe spring so that the latch will automatically snap over the pin when the frame is close A 7 If it is desired to change the spacing of the forms A, A', A", etc., the latches 53 are,

released and the upper frameelements 51 ,form shafts. .If-an odd number of interrne diate ears are so used the forms will be roltated 1n the same direction, or if an even number of intermediate gears are used, th. forms-will be oppositely rotated. Obviously this feature of adjustability permits of varying the number of forms in the frame from a single pair to any required number, depending upon" the length of hair and desired spacing of waves. v

A feature of continuous ad'ust'ability for the end forms B is. provide by the slide mounting 59 which maybe moved along the frame by any/'suitable adjusting means. A rack 59a and pinion 59b may be employed for this purpose, one at each end of the form. KThe slide vr59 is guided between guides 59 .formed on the frame and the frame is -slotted at 59 to permit movement of the form over the extent of adjustability provided by the i rack .and pinion, The pinions 59bareactuatf'.: ed by turning the knobs' '59.d 'projecting there-1 from. The'. position of thefslide 59 along the frame'may be iix'ed by anysui-table means,

-A .satisfactry device .for accomplishing thisA `res'ult'comprising' athumb':nut 59t which enA 'gages the-threaded end. of-y the shaft of pin- 1on 59b and draws said-pinion tightly against the frame, thus lookin the pinion against rotation. The rear sli e. 59. carries the rear element ofthe combclutch'herenbefore 15e.-

that the hair maybe stressed .just-as electiyely-.iby bodily shifting'. one form with ref spect t'o'another as' by zrotatingonefor both-v .of'such forms; A

'erred t0. The above described slide meansfor adj ustin'gthe end orms'Bfmay be used in two ways.

The .forms may be shifted va'lngthe frame to produce .various spacing 'of the waves be.- tween'adjacent forms, thehair lbeing' tenvsionedbetweeu*such orms 'by the-.rotation of' the tering-'oi'. the'hair may. be tensioned .between and arond'the formsby the bodily" movement of-"the-en-d' :form under` the action of th'e rack'and pinion -.59, 59", the. hair loe-- ing -tirst caughto'n l the forms It obvious An added advantage@'hegieable'jfomif i B .whichmay be shiftedfsideways is- .that the hairat every' poitjalon the 'bar may be stressed with greateuni ormit because ,'of

the fact that the two ends of the' ara1'e'sep.a-

' rately ,controlled and shouldthehai'l" become .tight at one end ofthe bar before't'he hair.. :z at' the other end is 'undertensicm'the-latterj end .is simply. givena slight-additinal'nlovef ment; 'A modification of the 'movable A:lsorIn-alfv rangement .above described is shown inFig..

10'. This 'construction .permits 'of 'theconr tiiiu'ous adjustmentl of the 'space-"between fforms. while the gears :of lthe 'train remain. 11'1 mesh. .'The forms A,A- are guided-in'irame. slots tlzand' are connected :together 'prefer ably at both' ends'by means of links-.61, 62." 'lh'eselinks attheir lowerends-srroundth form' shafts and connect said shaftst'o the." lmbIG-S. of the lfloatingintermediate'gear 64;

Vvh-ilejthe formshafts and alsoth'e hubof. the

ing gears are. nevertheless 'constrained"v maintain 'a uniform centerdistancedirontthcintermediate gear whereby the'sad gears'will" always bemaintainedin perfect' mesh regardless of. the 'position of the driving-gears along the'A sloft .60. 1f thel'drivingge'ars'be. spread; apa-rt `to the maximumfdistance, theinter'f mediate gear will lcwered until Z axis lies.' inffalne connectingr the centers, o` the driving gears. The 4gears may b'e moved into any-desired "position *and* "theref locked :by j means of adjustable distance pieces 6 5'and66. 1 The distance pieces' 65, 66- co1iip1-1se. -respec- 'tively an; adjustable connecting' 'between' the 'shafts ofthe frms A, A, and an adjust- ..able link 66 between the 'shaft of formA and the frame 2. 'The link 65 may. consist oftwo overlapping slotted -strips having' a thumb' ls c'rew 67 which clamps the two pieces to# gethe'r in any desired adjustment.. The link.

66 issimilarly slotted and ispositioned with" respect to the frame' b meansof. a vthumb screw '68 which clamps t e link in' any desired adjustment to tl1'e` frame. It will be obvious 4that any .number of forms greater' than two may.lbs-'progressively.connected by' the atl- .instable `link mechanism above described.

A modiliedform- 'of the present invention is illustrated in4 Figs. l11,12 and 13.' f This modified, construction, 4While embodying a num` ber'of the features of theflarger 'devlce shown in Fig'fl, is relativelyv simple, onlvia single rotatable form being e'mloyed.` The device may, however,provide` t efaeilit'y for ten'- s ionin'g4 the'hair between twoparallelmemzbers through' .the 'action of said rotatable' form, and alsoincorporates means fdr 1r1ai11-` .l l taining thistension for' any desired .perlod.`A The' devxcecomprlsesa Cl frame 7.0 Wh1ch mayA lie-made of sheet metal or other rigid mat` forward]downwardlyextending arm in the perspective view ofFig.' 11 isbent to form 'a bearing* 1 for; therotatable -form A. The .end of .this frame arm-is'not brought completely around the form shaft 'but' is .left open ing itout.. The opposite.' d ownwardly pro- :jectingarm' 73 ofthe Off-rame carries at its "end a taperedor'conical bearing 74 in which .thetapered 'end' 7,5-` ofthe rotatable' form is4 'inserted;- By this) construction v there is v p rolV .vided 'aitaperzlock similar in Aprinciple tothe is provided adjacent the aforesaid vtapered end bearing' on the frame: identicalfin .co'nf'A` struction. with thais-ek' '12,-,14 s hownjn Eig.,

-and swung outwards,.asindicated at 7 5,`.to provide .what .maybe termed avsprin clip.; Thisf. construction .permits of.' the `rea y in'- sertionfand removalof therotatable form by 'simply snapping 'it into. the clip or springu peran'd 'lowerfparts 7 8 :and 79 of the rotatf a le -forxnv closeftogether where' they' exert 'a clamping'aetion nj-the-hai'r which disposed i361' lallfofthe frmgn'isteed of 'beinor hinged .to the' lower half,jis formdintegraly'there-- 'bet'weenthem- In th'p'resentinstaneethe .i1-pe'. h

with,;and-.is'preferably'designed-to have -enoughto permittheplacing oflthe strand-oi?,4

-fo'rin end endwise-thiou'gh theha-ir.. .A collar;

8l) surroundingVv theform-'s'haft preyents the. 'form, fromlsh ift'ing endwis'e' sujliciently to prevent-'the upper half'fZS "of thediyid'ed part/I."

thereof to escape-@fromthe-retaiing'sleeve 7 7 except when such escape is permitted by the registration of the notches in the sleeve and collar locking device above described.

As an equivalent of a second rotatable form such as form A in Fig. 1, the present device is provided with a simple bar clamp 81 pivoted at one end to the upper part of the frame as by means of a loose rivet 82, the other end of the bar clamp 81 swinging under a catch 83 fastened to the rear vertical frame part 7 3. Both the frame and bar are preferably somewhat resilient so that when a. strand of hair is placed between the top frame member and the -bar 81, the bar may be snapped into the catch 83, as shown in Fig. 11, and by this means apply to the hair a yielding grip which will be sufficiently effective to permit of the tensioning of the hair between the upper part of the frame and the rotatable form A. This tensioning is eected, as previously described, by the rotation of the form in either direction. When sulicient tension has been created the form is locked by a slight axial rearward thrust which engages the cone clutch v7 4, 75.

A` secondary form D may, if desired, be interposed between the bar clamp and the rotatable form A. This form is shaped to provide a. convex surface toward the hair wound on the said rotatable form and is vertically adjustable along the arms 70, 7 3 of the frame. The form may be made of a single piece of sheet Inaterialdoubled4 together, as shown in Fig. 11, guide strips 85 at the upper edges extending over the frame members to secure the secondary form .in the frame.l Within the secondary form a ratch. et 86 is pivoted at either end, these ratchets engaging teeth 87 out in the vertical frameJ members. The ratchets are. engaged in the teeth by the action of springs 88 and may be disengaged by manually depressing the linger ieee 89 formed integrally with the ratchet ever. By this construction a secondary form is provided, which, when` the hair is tightly stretched over it, the hair being tensioned between the rotatable form and the bar clamp at the top of theframe, will impart an addltional curve to they hair. The said secondary form also may be pressed downwardly into tight contact with the hair wound about the form A and there automatically locked by the ratchets 89. By this means the hair will be even more effectively set around the form, being held in thedesired position by tension between the bar clamp and the form and also by compression set up by the action of the secondary form D. When used in this manner the secondaryform comprises an effective adjustable clamping means for securing the hair which has been wound upon the form A, and for certain purposes such as making a tightwave close to the head the form D can be used independently of the bar clamp '81, the hair passing directly from the form A .uponwhieh it is clamped by form D to the scalp.

It is often desirable to use a single rotatable form as described above, and a. satisfactory wave may be locally produced at any desired The device may be constructed `as shown in Fig. 11 but without the bar clamp 81 or the secondary forni D. In such a device thehair is simply wound around the form until the frame is drawn by such winding action against the scalp. Ify the forni is then 80 clutched to the frame, the hair can not unwind and will be subjected to the tension with which the form is drawn against the head. In this simple form the divided form having the upper and lower 'elements formed inte- 85 grally is preferably employed. Such divided form tends, when the free end is released, to spread apart so that the free half of the formfi. e., the half not held in the frame bearmg may be readily slipped under or through the hair to pick up a ltress of the desired size.

In Fig. 11"i there is shown a somewhat modified form of device corresponding generally to the device shown in Fig. 11 but hav# 95 ing two rotatable divided rodsl or forms A, instead of one. The rotatable divided vforms and locking and clutch means therefor are identical with the form A and its corresponding appurtenances shown in Fig. 11. The 10u distinguishing feature of the device of Fig.

11a is the simple rectangular frame F carry-i ing the four resilient arms F which provide bearings for the two 'forms A. The resiliency of these arms, which preferably are ma formed integrally with the frame, elastlcally stress the hair tensioned between the forms and insure tension on the hair all along the forms.

In Figs. 14 and 15 thereis illustrated a 110 still further modied form of the invention in which a simple C frame 90 carries a rotatable form 91 of special design. This form -is characterized by the peculiar comb arrangement which imparts a wave of unusual form to the hair. l This wave may be termed a serpentine wave and differs from the ordinary simple wave in that it has a wave formation in both horizontal and vertical planes.

The rotatable comb-like form 91 carries rela- 12o along section line XV-XV of Fig. 14. One strand of hair is shown in dotted lines to the left *in this figure and illustrating the action of the angularly disposed' teeth. It will be 13o This is perhaps best illustrated in Fig. 15, which shows the teeth in cross-section teeth to a point' on .the form,

.next succeeding toot' at the point .marked f. It will be unobserved that the strandv of hair which ordinarily would be wound continuously in a circle as the form is rotated, is now,- by the aetion of the4 angular'teeth', caused to be deiiected at each revolution of theform into Vthe next succeeding tooth space, a strand of hairentering upon ,the first revolution at the deflected by the point' marked and being.

`where, upon the revolution, it will enter the ders ood that normally-strands of hair would be disposed between practically all the comb "teetli, V'and' as a' consequence, a strand; entering originally at, let us say,

will, at the'beginning-of the Second revolution l of the form, be deposited on' top of the strand Asa result of this action.- the hair not only assumes the curvature of the round body ofthe form, but also a transverse wave is effected, as explained by the action of the angularly. disposed teeth. C

4. "It is possible suiiciently close together to place the teeth of comb91 so that .the hair will be effectively picked up' andyheldon the formi in order that it` may-be tightly wound I thereon without 'the use of any clamping 'means whatever,

' construction illustratedthe teeth are rather hair to the rotatable form. v 'resemble the usual curling iron clamp; acatc'hV Widely spaced and a pivoted, semicylindrical clamp 93 is provided tofilnit'ially attach the This 'clamp 'may 94:, however, being provided tolock the clamp 93 securely against the form 91 whereby to more effectually grip the hair. disposed therebetween. The form is rotated by 4turni-ng a Y thumb' screw 95 and is locked against rota- .tion by a conical locking device'96- precisely similarV in principle. tothe conical locking device described in connection with the de- `erthe waves are to The operation' of the deviceshereinbefore .described has beenmade clearlin 'the course .of such description. In the preferred em? bodiment of the invention illustrated 'in-Fig; 1, the operation-may be summarized as follo'ws: The device is set up with the' desired:

number of forms of wave-measuring elements accord-ing to thelength of hair to be treated andthetype of wave re.oluired.-l The .divided 1 formsare unlocked andthe upper half ofeach 'form 4swung into a' vertical position. "The hair is then preferablycombed straight either' towards the' sides {o-f the head or fronrthe.

forehead backwards, depending upon wheththen placed uponthe head either asV shown Ain Fig. -8 or Fig. 9, and the hair laid over the top-of the measuring elements C, C', Cf, etc.' The upper lthen swung down and. locked in 'the retaining half of-theffdivided forms are collars 1 2, commencing preferably with the the 'point marked g,"

' However, in thejpreferred be produced at the sides' of the .head or at thefback. The device form nearest the roots of the hair 'and pro;

. ceeding'progressively'to the .end of the frame.

' The hair is thus locked inthe rotatable forms, as shown diagrammatically in Figs. 4 or 6.

If a simple measuring pin is used, as shown 6 into' inoperative position. The

ing a key o r other turning instrument to the j the gear train transmitting ythe movement of form A to formsA 'and` A; Hair when equarel end of form shaft A, for example,

shown in Figs'. or l7... To'insure-the maxi- `mum desired tension between each pair offorms,. the 'forms may be independently tightened, the ratchet' devices hereinbefoi'e described permitting o f such independent rotation of the forms. is provided for' the ends ofthe hair.` 'lliis form ispreferably of combl'ike' .construc tion,`the form-shown in Figs. 14 and 15 bef Wound; about the forms'appears either as A special form Bl l V ing particularly l'suitable Vfor the purpose..

The teeth-may be suiioien'tly close together so that the ends of thehairwill be caught and -frictionally held in the comb without.

otherclamping ineans,and the form is then rotated'to wind .up all y'the slack 4hair between .desired stress in tightened to produce the thehair and locked in such adjusted position by a slight vendwise movement which engages fthe comb clutch at the end ofthe form. The

hair is then permitted to. set forja time, and

this setting or fixing of thewave mayberem dered more effective by the 'use .of heat applied either externally bynieans of a draft of hot air, for example,

for'ms A and B. The-end form-iB is then.r I l or internally by the use of heatedforms` such as are illustrated in Figs. 16 and.-17. Obviously both methods of' be used simultaneously.v

applyin 'heat may g Fig. 1 is-provided with The devlcef shown -in a cover plate E which of the frame and. completely encloses. the. forms; This plate maybe 4made of suitable insulating material whereby the -heat generabout the hair.

Tlieabovedescribed device involves-a radi.

cal departure from the ordinaryhair waving methods` In this device the waveis imparted. to the hairfoverjformsofthecorrect Shape-tok directly impart the desired curvature tothe hair. The spacing shape ofthe Waveproduced, whereas, accord ing to,

are produced by twisting spirally-around a rod or tube, and 'consequentfits over the end .pieces heretofore known. methods, the waves,

the strands of hair of the forms determines 'with mathematical certainty the length and' 11s atedwithin the heated forms may be retained J ly the length and form of wave is at best a matter of chance, considerable skill being required to produce waves at di`erent parts of the head which correspond at all times closely in length and shape. The present device furthermore permits of the uniform stressing of the hair disposed between the rotatable forms, it being possible to apply such stress to the entire length of a strand of hair, whereas in methods hitherto known wherein the entire length of hair is wrapped around a rod, if stress is applied at all in an effort to tension the hair, this stressis localized in the hair at the ends of the rod around which it is wound, the frictional effect of the hair wound many times about the rod effectively preventing the transmission of any appreciable stress to the hair midway between the ends.

While various embodiments and modifications of the1invention have been' hereinbefore described, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto but may be otherwise variously modified and embodied without departing from the spirit thereof, as set forth in the following claims.

What I claim is:

l. A-hair waving or curling device comprising a frame, a rotatable form supported thereby,'said form being adapted to wind up and tension a strand of hair, means for locking the form against rotation relative to the frame, and supporting means carried by the ,frame and engaging a strand of ihair, said supporting means being adaptedto sustain the tensile stress applied to theihair by said rotatable form whereby the hair may be tensioned without imparting pull to the scalp.

2. The device according to claim l, further characterized in that a secondary form is interposed between said rotatable form and said supporting means, said secondary form being carried by said frame in a position which deflects theliair tensioned between the rotatable form and the said supporting means whereby an additional wave is imparted tothe hair.

3. A hair waving or curling device comprising a rotatable form upon which a flattened strand of` hair may be wound, a frame externally embracing and rotatively supporting said form at points on either' .side of the por-h ried by said frame and means for producing a rotation of at least one of said forms relative to said frame whereb tension may be applied to hair disposed vetween said forms..

5. A hair wavmg device including a frame, two rotatable `hair engaging forms spaced .two rotatable hair engaging forms spaced apart on said frame, gears rotatively connecting said forms and locking means adapted to prevent the rotation of the forms whereby when the hair is brought to the desired tension between the forms, such tension may be continuously maintained.

7 A hair waving or curling device including a frame, a plurality of rotatable forms along said frame, and a plurality of movable wave-measuring elements adapted in one position to determine the length of slack hair to be left between adjacent forms, and in another position to freesuch hair so that the slack may be taken up by rotating at least one of the forms.

8. A hair waving orl curling device including a frame, a rotatable form, a divided bar at a distance from said form, and wavebar, the said form, bar, and measuring means being mounted on said frame.

9. A hair waving or curling device including a frame, a rotatable form, a divided bar at a distance from said form, and a wavemeasuring and secondary form device adapted in one position to measure the slack hair required to be wound on the said forrn7 and in another position lto serve as a secondarylv form.

10. A hair waving or curling device including a frame, a pair of forms, said frame being adapted to su port said forms at various lntervals where y the length of a. wave produced by the device may be varied.

11. A hair waving or curling device including a frame, a pair of forms mounted on' saidframe and a movable wave-measuring and secondary form device' interposed between said vforms adapted in one position to measure the required slack hair between forms, and in another position to serve as a Secondary' form. l

12. `A hair wavingl or curlin device including a frame havin a plura ity of form bearings, said frame being divided along the v centers of said form bearings wherebythe frame parts may be separated to permit of, the insertion or removal of forms.

13. A hair waving or curling device according to claim12, further characterized in that said frame is also provided with .a plurality of bearing holes adapted to receive measuring pins at points intermediate adjacent forms.

14. A hair waving or curling device including a frame, a plurality of rotatable forms, gears connecting said forms for comreleasably connected to the form' which it drives whereby the form so connected may be rotated/either commonly with the other forms-or independently thereof.

15. A hair waving or curling device including a hollow form about which the hair is adapted to be wound and means for producing a How of heatedliquid through said hollow form. l

16. In a-hair waving or Icurling device a rotatable form, a Jframe within which said form is mounted, said form being divided longitudinally within said iframel to receive a flattened sheaf of hair, means to rotate said yform to wind said flattened sheaf of hair thereon between said form andl said frame, and a cone clutch interposed between said frame and said form whereby the form may be clutched to the frame to prevent relative y rotation of said form and frame.

17. In a hair waving or curling device a frame, a form rotatably supported by said frame, said form being atleast in part longitudinally divided into two cylindrical halves,

said halves mutually co-operating when the form is rotated to impart a substantlally smooth S turn to hair placed between said halves.

18. A hair waving or curling device including an external frame, a divided rotatable form mounted in said'frame and upon whichform a flattened sheaf of hair is adapted to be wound and locking means `adapted to prevent. rotation of said form wlth respect. 'to said frame, said locking means .comprislng a cone clutch, the two elements of whlch are carried respectively by said frame and said form.

1,9. A hair -waving or curling device including a frame, a rotatable form mounted in said' frame and locking' means adapted toprevent rotation of said form with respect to said frame, said form having a plurality of comb f teeth, said teeth having a transverse crossadapted to prevent bthe rotation section lbng and comparatively narrow, the said 'teeth bein disposed along the form with their broad si es lylng at an angle to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the form.

20. A-hair waving or curling device includ- .ing an external frame, a comb rotatably means mounted in said frame and locking of said comb with respect to said frame.

f 21. -Akhairwaving and curling device including a pair of'hai'r engaging bars, man- 1 ually operable -means to impart movement to posed between said bars, and

at least 4one Aof said bars to tension hair dismpgans adapted to prevent displacement of said ars whereby to maintain. the tension on the hair disposed between them-for the desired'time.

22s A hair vwaving or 'curling device including a frame, a partially divided bar in said frame, said bar being partially divided into two co-operating parts between which parts hair may be placed, the said parts constituting an integral divided form around which the hair is wound, and means for locking the said parts together at the separated end of said bar.

23. A hair waving or curling device comprising a slotted form adapted to receive within its slot a broadly flattened sheaf of hair, a frame. rotatively supporting said form near both ends of the form, said frame where it coextensive with the said slot being disposed at a suflicient distance from the slotted form to permit of winding the sheaf `of hair upon the form and within the said frame, and means for clutching the said frame and form together.

24. A hair waving or curling device comprising a slotted form adapted to receive within its slot a broadly flattened sheat of hair, a frame rotatively supporting said form near both ends ofthe form, said frame where it is coextensive with the said slot being disposed at a suilicient distance :from the slotted form to permit of windingthe sheaf of hair upon the form and withinthe said frame, and means adapted to vary the resistance of rotation between said frame and form for clutching the said frame andform together.

25. A hair waving or curling device comprising a unitary slotted form adapted to receive within its slot a broadly flattened sheat form near both ends of the form, said frame where it is c'oextensive with the said slot be-y ing a flexible tongue, the free end of which is adapted to spring away from the said form to ermit of theready insertion of a sheaf of hair between the said tongue and form.

27. A hair waving or curling device cornprising an external frame, a rotatable form mounted in said frame, said form having a resilient hair-engaging tongue, the free end of which is adapted to spring away from the body of the form whereby to provide an open hair-receiving slot along said form.

f 28..A hair waving or curling device comprising an external frame, a rotatable form mounted in said frame, said form having a resilient tongue4 between which tongue and form a attened sheaf of hair is adapted to n SUMTER B. BATTY.

,of hair, a'frame rotatively supporting said A 

